An mota yemagetsimudziyo unoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi, uye kubvira pakagadzirwa mota yemagetsi yekutanga naFaraday, takakwanisa kurarama hupenyu hwedu tisina mudziyo uyu kwese kwese.
Mazuva ano, mota dziri kuchinja nekukurumidza kubva pakuva dzinoshandisa michina kuenda pakushandisa magetsi, uye kushandiswa kwemamota mumotokari kuri kuramba kuchipararira. Vanhu vazhinji vangasakwanisa kufungidzira kuti mamota mangani akaiswa mumotokari dzavo, uye sumo inotevera ichakubatsira kuwana mamota ari mumotokari yako.
Mashandisirwo emota mumotokari
Kuti uzive kuti mota iri papi mumotokari yako, chigaro chemagetsi ndicho nzvimbo yakanaka yekuchiwana. Mumotokari dzinodhura, mota dzinowanzo gadzirisa mafambiro epamberi nepashure uye dzinoita kuti musana utsvedze. Mumotokari dzepamusoro-soro,mota dzemagetsiinogona kudzora kukwirira kwayo, semuenzaniso, kutsvedza kwechigaro pasi pechigaro, rutsigiro rwechiuno, kugadzirisa chigaro chemusoro uye kusimba kwechigaro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa pasina mota dzemagetsi. Zvimwe zvinhu zvechigaro zvinoshandisa mota dzemagetsi zvinosanganisira kupeta chigaro chemagetsi uye kurodha simba kwezvigaro zvekumashure.
Mawiper egirazi ndiwo muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa wemota yemagetsimashandisirwo anoitwa mumotokari dzemazuva ano. Kazhinji, mota yega yega ine mota imwe chete inopukuta mawiper ekumberi. Mawiper ekumashure ari kuwedzera kufarirwa nemaSUV nemota dzine magonhi ekumashure, zvichireva kuti mawiper ekumashure nemota dzakabatana dziripo mumota zhinji. Imwe mota inopomba mvura yekuwachisa pawindscreen, uye mune dzimwe mota kumwenje, iyo inogona kunge iine wiper yayo diki.
Mota dzinenge dzese dzine muchina unofefetera mhepo kuburikidza nesystem yekudziyisa nekutonhodza; mota zhinji dzine mafeni maviri kana kupfuura mukamuri. Mota dzemhando yepamusoro dzinewo mafeni muzvigaro zvekufefetedza mhepo uye kupararira kwekupisa.
Kare, mahwindo aiwanzovhurwa nekuvhara nemaoko, asi ikozvino mahwindo emagetsi akajairika. Mota dzakavanzwa dziri muhwindo rega rega, kusanganisira mahwindo ezuva nemahwindo ekumashure. Ma actuator anoshandiswa pamahwindo aya anogona kunge ari nyore se relay, asi zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza (sekuona zvipingamupinyi kana zvinhu zvinosunga) zvinoita kuti pave nekushandiswa kwema actuator akangwara ane monitoring yekufamba uye drive force limitation.
Kuchinja kubva pakushandisa manual kuenda kumagetsi, makiyi emota ari kuva nyore. Mabhenefiti ekudzora mota anosanganisira zvinhu zviri nyore zvakaita sekushanda uri kure, uye kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzerwa uye njere dzakadai sekuvhura otomatiki mushure mekubonderana. Kusiyana nemahwindo emagetsi, makiyi emagetsi anofanira kuramba aine sarudzo yekushanda nemaoko, saka izvi zvinokanganisa dhizaini yemota uye chimiro chekiyi yemagetsi.
Zviratidzo zviri pamadashboard kana mapoka zvinogona kunge zvakashanduka kuita ma LED kana mamwe marudzi ezviratidziro, asi ikozvino dial ne gauge yega yega zvinoshandisa mota diki dzemagetsi. Mamwe mamota ari muchikamu chinopa zviri nyore anosanganisira zvinhu zvakajairika zvakaita sekupeta girazi repadivi uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo, pamwe nekushandisa kwakawanda kusingafadzi senge ma tops anochinjika, ma pedal anodzoserwa kumashure, uye magirazi anoparadzanisa pakati pemutyairi nemutakuri.
Pasi pebhoneti, mota dzemagetsi dziri kuwanda munzvimbo dzakawanda. Kazhinji, mota dzemagetsi dziri kutsiva zvikamu zvemakanika zvinofambiswa nebhandi. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mafeni eradiator, mapombi emafuta, mapombi emvura uye macompressor. Pane zvakanakira zvakawanda zvekuchinja mabasa aya kubva pakushandisa bhandi kuenda kukushandisa electric drive. Chimwe ndechekuti kushandiswa kwemota dzemagetsi mumidziyo yemazuva ano yemagetsi kunoshandisa simba rakawanda pane kushandisa mabhandi nemapulley, zvichikonzera mabhenefiti akadai sekuvandudza mashandiro emafuta, kudzikira kwehuremu uye kudzikira kwemhepo inoburitsa utsi. Chimwe chakanakira ndechekuti kushandiswa kwemota dzemagetsi pane mabhandi kunobvumira rusununguko rwakawanda mukugadzirwa kwemakanika, sezvo nzvimbo dzekuisa mapombi nemafeni hadzifanirwe kudziviswa nebhandi renyoka rinofanira kusungirirwa papulley yega yega.
Mafambiro ehunyanzvi hwemotokari mumotokari
Mota dzemagetsi dzinodiwa munzvimbo dzakanyorwa mudhayagiramu iri pamusoro, uye, mushure mezvo, sezvo mota ichiwedzera kuva yemagetsi uye kufambira mberi kwekutyaira kwega uye njere kunoitika, mota dzemagetsi dzichashandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari, uye mhando dzemota dzekutyaira dziri kuchinjawo.
Kunyange zvazvo kare mota zhinji dzaishandisa masisitimu emotokari e12V akajairwa, masisitimu emagetsi maviri e12V ne48V ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya, masisitimu emagetsi maviri achibvumira mamwe masisitimu emagetsi akakwira kubviswa kubva mubhatiri re12V. Zvakanakira kushandisa simba remagetsi re48V kudzikiswa kwesimba remagetsi kane kana nekuda kwesimba rimwe chete, uye kudzikiswa kwehuremu hwetambo nemawinding emota. Mashandisirwo ane masisitimu emagetsi akakwira anogona kugadziriswa kuita simba re48V anosanganisira mamota ekutanga, maturbocharger, mapombi emafuta, mapombi emvura uye mafeni ekutonhodza. Kuisa sisitimu yemagetsi ye48V yezvinhu izvi kunogona kuchengetedza mari inoshandiswa ne10 muzana.
Kunzwisisa Mhando dzeMotokari
Mashandisirwo akasiyana anoda mota dzakasiyana, uye mota dzinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.
1. Kupatsanura zvichienderana nesimba rekushandisa - Zvichienderana nesimba rekushandisa remota, inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zveDC motors nemaAC motors. Pakati padzo, maAC motors akapatsanurwawo muzvikamu zvesingle-phase motors nemathree-phase motors.
2. Zvichienderana nepfungwa yekushanda - zvichienderana nechimiro chakasiyana uye nheyo yekushanda, mota inogona kukamurwa kuita mota dzeDC, mota dzisina kuenzana uye mota dzinoenderana. Mota dzinoenderana dzinogonawo kukamurwa kuita mota dzinoenderana nemagnet dzinogara kwenguva refu, mota dzinoenderana dzisina kuenzana uye mota dzinoenderana nehysteresis. Mota dzisina kuenzana dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mota dzinopinza uye mota dzinobatanidza neAC.
3. Kupatsanura zvichienderana nemodhi yekutanga uye kumhanya - mota zvichienderana nemodhi yekutanga uye kumhanya inogona kukamurwa kuita mota ine capacitor-started single-phase asynchronous motor, mota ine capacitor-run single-phase asynchronous motor, mota ine capacitor-started single-phase asynchronous motor uye mota ine split-phase single-phase asynchronous motor.
4. Kupatsanura zvichienderana nekushandiswa - mota dzemagetsi dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mota dzemagetsi uye mota dzekutonga zvichienderana nekushandiswa. Mota dzemagetsi dzakakamurwa kuita maturusi emagetsi (kusanganisira kuboora, kupolisha, kukuya, kupinza, kucheka, kudzoreredza nezvimwe zvishandiso) nemamota emagetsi, midziyo yemumba (kusanganisira michina yekuwachisa, mafeni emagetsi, mafiriji, ma air conditioner, matepi ekurekodha, maVCR, marekodha evhidhiyo, maDVD player, hoovers, makamera, hairdryers, electric shaver, nezvimwewo) nemamota emagetsi nezvimwe zvishandiso zvidiki zvinoshandiswa (kusanganisira zvishandiso zvidiki zvemuchina zvakasiyana-siyana, michina midiki, midziyo yekurapa, zvishandiso zvemagetsi, nezvimwewo). Mamota ekutonga akakamurwa kuita mota dzestepper uye mota dzeservo.
5. Kupatsanura zvichienderana nechimiro cherotor - mota zvichienderana nechimiro cherotor inogona kukamurwa kuita mota yekuisa mu cage induction (yakajairika inonzi squirrel cage asynchronous motor) uye mota yekuisa mu wire-wound rotor induction (yakajairika inonzi wire-wound asynchronous motor).
6. Kupatsanura zvichienderana nekumhanya kwekushanda - mota zvichienderana nekumhanya kwekushanda inogona kukamurwa kuita mota dzinomhanya zvakanyanya, mota dzinomhanya zvishoma, mota dzinomhanya nguva dzose, mota dzinomhanya zvakanyanya.
Parizvino, mota zhinji dzinoshandiswa mumotokari dzinoshandisa mota dzeDC dzakarukwa, inova mhinduro yechinyakare. Idzi mota dziri nyore kutyaira uye hadzidhuri zvakanyanya nekuda kwebasa rekuchinja rinoitwa nemabhurashi. Mune dzimwe nzira, mota dzeDC (BLDC) dzisina brushless dzinopa mabhenefiti makuru maererano nehuwandu hwesimba, izvo zvinoderedza huremu uye zvinopa mafuta ari nani uye zvinoderedza utsi, uye vagadziri vari kusarudza kushandisa mota dzeBLDC mumawipers ewindscreen, mabhurower emumba, mabhurower emhepo uye mapombi. Munzira idzi, mota dzinowanzo shanda kwenguva yakareba pane kushanda kwenguva pfupi senge mahwindo emagetsi kana zvigaro zvemagetsi, uko nyore uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemota dzebrushed kunoramba kuchibatsira.
Mota dzemagetsi dzakakodzera mota dzemagetsi
Kuchinja kubva pamotokari dzinoshandisa mafuta mashoma kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi chete kuchaita kuti injini dzinofambiswa nemota dzive pakati pemotokari.
Sisitimu yekufambisa mota ndiyo moyo wemotokari yemagetsi, ine mota, chinoshandura simba, masensa akasiyana-siyana ekuona uye simba remagetsi. Mota dzakakodzera mota dzemagetsi dzinosanganisira: mota dzeDC, mota dzeDC dzisina brushless, mota dzisina asynchronous, mota dzemagnetic synchronous dzinogara kwenguva refu, uye mota dzeswitched salient.
Injini yeDC imota inoshandura simba remagetsi reDC kuita simba remakanika, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudhonza simba remagetsi nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka kwekudzora kumhanya. Ine hunhu hwekutanga kukuru uye kudzora kuri nyore, saka, chero michina inotanga yakatakura zvinhu zvakawanda kana inoda kudzorwa kumhanya kwakafanana, senge marolling mills makuru anodzoreka, mawinchi, marocomotive emagetsi, matramu nezvimwewo, yakakodzera kushandiswa kwemota dzeDC.
Mota yeDC isina brush inoenderana zvakanyanya nehunhu hwemotokari dzemagetsi dzine mutoro, ine hunhu hwetorque hombe inomhanya zvishoma, inogona kupa torque hombe yekutanga kuti isvike pazvinodiwa zvemota dzemagetsi, panguva imwe chete, inogona kumhanya nekumhanya kwakaderera, kwepakati nepahupamhi, ine hunhu hwekushanda kwepamusoro, mumamiriro ezvinhu ane mutoro wakareruka, ine kushanda kwepamusoro. Dambudziko nderekuti mota pachayo yakaoma kupfuura mota yeAC uye controller yakaoma kupfuura mota yeDC yakakweshwa.
Mota isingachinjiki, kureva mota yekudzikisa magetsi, mudziyo unoiswa rotor mumunda wemagineti unotenderera, uye pasi pekushanda kwesimba remagineti rinotenderera, torque inotenderera inowanikwa, uye nokudaro rotor inotenderera. Chimiro chemota isingachinjiki chiri nyore, chiri nyore kugadzira nekugadzirisa, chine hunhu hwemutoro wekumhanya wakafanana, chinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa nemichina yakawanda yekugadzira michina yeindasitiri neyekurima. Zvisinei, kumhanya kwemota isingachinjiki uye kumhanya kwayo kwesimba remagineti kunotenderera kune mwero wakaganhurirwa wekutenderera, saka kudzora kumhanya kwakashata, kwete kwakaderera semota yeDC, kunochinjika. Pamusoro pezvo, mumashandisirwo ane simba rakawanda, ekumhanya kwakaderera, mota dzisingachinjiki hadzina musoro semota dzinochinjika.
Mota yemagetsi inotenderera imota inotenderera inogadzira simba remagetsi rinotenderera rinotenderera rinotevedzana nekukurudzwa kwemagineti anogara aripo, ayo anoshanda serotor kugadzira simba remagetsi rinotenderera, uye ma three-phase stator windings anoita kuburikidza ne armature pasi pesimba remagetsi rinotenderera, zvichikonzera ma three-phase symmetrical currents. Mota yemagetsi inotenderera idiki, yakareruka, ine inertia diki inotenderera uye simba rakawanda, iyo yakakodzera mota dzemagetsi dzine nzvimbo shoma. Pamusoro pezvo, ine torque-to-inertia ratio yakakura, overload capacity yakasimba, uye output torque yakakura kunyanya pakumhanya kwakaderera, iyo yakakodzera kutanga kwemotokari yemakombiyuta. Naizvozvo, ma magnet motor anotenderera anowanzo zivikanwa ne electric vehicle sessions dzemuno nedzekunze uye akashandiswa mumotokari dzakawanda dzemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, mota zhinji dzemagetsi muJapan dzinofambiswa nema magnet motor anotenderera, anoshandiswa muToyota Prius hybrid.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-31-2024