An mota yemagetsimudziyo unoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi, uye kubvira pakagadzirwa naFaraday mota yekutanga yemagetsi, takakwanisa kurarama hupenyu hwedu pasina mudziyo uyu kwese kwese.
Mazuvano, mota dziri kukurumidza kuchinja kubva pakunyanya kuita zvemagetsi kuenda kumidziyo inofambiswa nemagetsi, uye kushandiswa kwemamota mumotokari kuri kuramba kuchipararira. Vanhu vazhinji vangatadza kufungidzira kuti mangani mamotor akaiswa mumotokari yavo, uye sumo inotevera ichakubatsira iwe kuwana mota dzemota yako.
Zvishandiso zvemotor mumotokari
Kuti uzive kuti mota iri papi mumotokari yako, chigaro chemagetsi ndiyo nzvimbo yakanaka yekuchiwana. Mumotokari dzehupfumi, mota dzinowanzopa kumberi uye aft kugadziridzwa uye backrest tilt. Mumotokari dzemhando yepamusoro,mota dzemagetsiinogona kudzora kureba kugadzirisa, semuenzaniso, chigaro chepasi cushion recline, lumbar rutsigiro, headrest kugadzirisa uye kusimba kwecushion, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa pasina magetsi emagetsi. Zvimwe zvigaro zvechigaro zvinoshandisa mota dzemagetsi zvinosanganisira simba rekupeta chigaro uye kurodha simba kwezvigaro zvekumashure.
Windscreen wipers ndiwo muenzaniso wakajairika wemota yemagetsikushandiswa mumotokari dzemazuva ano. Kazhinji, mota yega yega ine kanenge imwe wiper mota kune yekumberi wipers. Rear mawiper mahwindo ari kuwedzera kufarirwa neSUVs uye mota dzine barn-gonhi kumashure, zvinoreva kuti mawiper ekumashure nemamotor anoenderana aripo mumotokari zhinji. Imwe mota inopomba mvura yekuwachisa kune windscreen, uye mune dzimwe mota kune malights, ayo anogona kunge aine iwo ega wiper.
Inenge motokari imwe neimwe ine mhepo inoputika inotenderera mhepo kuburikidza nekudziya uye kutonhora; mota zhinji dzine mafeni maviri kana anopfuura mucabin. Mota dzepamusoro-soro dzinewo mafeni muzvigaro zvekufefetedza cushion uye kugovera kupisa.
Kare, mahwindo aiwanzovhurwa uye akavharwa nemaoko, asi iye zvino mahwindo emagetsi akajairika. Mota dzakavanzwa dzinoiswa pahwindo rega rega, kusanganisira matenga ezuva uye mahwindo ekumashure. Iwo ma actuators anoshandiswa kune aya mahwindo anogona kunge ari nyore serelays, asi kuchengetedza zvinodiwa (sekuona zvipingamupinyi kana kusungirira zvinhu) zvinotungamira mukushandiswa kweakangwara actuators ane kufambisa kwekutarisa uye dhiraivha simba rekudzora.
Kuchinja kubva pamanyorero kuenda kumagetsi, makiyi emota ari kuita nyore. Mabhenefiti ekudzora mota anosanganisira zviri nyore maficha akadai sekushanda kure, uye kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzerwa uye hungwaru sekuvhura otomatiki mushure mekudhumhana. Kusiyana nemahwindo emagetsi, makiyi emagetsi emagetsi anofanirwa kuchengetedza sarudzo yekushanda kwemanyorero, saka izvi zvinokanganisa dhizaini yemota uye chimiro chekiyi yemusuwo wemagetsi.
Zviratidzo zvemadhibhodhi kana masumbu zvinogona kunge zvakashanduka kuita madhiri emagetsi emagetsi (LEDs) kana mamwe marudzi ezviratidziro, asi ikozvino dial yega yega uye geji inoshandisa madiki emagetsi mota. Mamwe mamotor ari muchikamu chinopa zviri nyore anosanganisira zvinhu zvakajairika senge padivi pegirazi kupeta uye kugadzirisa chinzvimbo, pamwe neakawanda maapplication akadai seanochinjika matops, anodzoreredzwa pedals, uye magirazi anopatsanura pakati pemutyairi nemutyairi.
Pasi pebhoneti, magetsi emagetsi ari kuwedzera kuwanda mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mota dzemagetsi dziri kutsiva bhandi-inotyairwa michina michina. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mafeni eredhiyeta, pombi dzemafuta, pombi dzemvura nemacompressor. Pane zvakati wandei zvakanakira kushandura aya mabasa kubva kubhandi drive kuenda kumagetsi drive. Imwe ndeyekuti kushandiswa kwemotokari dzemotokari mumidziyo yemazuva ano yemagetsi kune simba rakawanda pane kushandisa mabhandi nemapulleys, zvichikonzera mabhenefiti akadai sekuvandudzwa kwemafuta ekufambisa, kuderedzwa uremu uye kuderera kwekubuda. Imwezve inobatsira ndeyokuti kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi pane mabhanhire kunobvumira rusununguko rwakawanda mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi, sezvo nzvimbo dzinokwira dzemapombi uye mafeni haafaniri kumanikidzirwa nebhanhire renyoka rinofanira kusungirirwa kune imwe neimwe pulley.
Trends in-mumotokari mota tekinoroji
Mota dzemagetsi dzinokosha munzvimbo dzakamisikidzwa mudhiyagiramu iri pamusoro, uye, zvichizodaro, mota painowedzera magetsi uye kufambira mberi kwekuzvimirira kwekutyaira nehungwaru kunoitwa, mota dzemagetsi dzichashandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari, uye mhando yemamotor ekutyaira ari kuchinjawo.
Ipo kare mota zhinji mumotokari dzaimboshandisa akajairwa 12V mota masisitimu, dual voltage 12V uye 48V masisitimu ave kuita mainin, aine mbiri yemagetsi system inobvumira mamwe emhando yepamusoro ikozvino kubviswa mubhatiri re12V. Kubatsira kwekushandisa 48V kugovera kuderedzwa kwakapetwa mana mune ikozvino kune imwechete simba, uye kunoperekedza kuderedzwa kwehuremu hwetambo uye mota windings. Zvishandiso zvine mitoro yakakwira-izvino inogona kuvandudzwa kusvika ku48V magetsi zvinosanganisira mota dzekutanga, turbocharger, pombi dzemafuta, pombi dzemvura uye mafeni ekutonhodza. Kuisa 48V yemagetsi system yezvikamu izvi zvinogona kuchengetedza zvingangoita gumi muzana mukushandiswa kwemafuta.
Kunzwisisa Motor Types
Kushandiswa kwakasiyana kunoda mota dzakasiyana, uye mota dzinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana.
1. Classification yakavakirwa pakushandisa simba sosi - Zvichienderana nekushandisa simba sosi yemota, inogona kuiswa muDC mota uye AC mota. Pakati pavo, AC mota dzakakamurwa kuita imwe-chikamu mota uye matatu-chikamu mota.
2. Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekushanda - zvinoenderana neyakasiyana chimiro uye musimboti wekushanda, mota inogona kukamurwa kuita DC mota, asynchronous mota uye synchronous mota. Synchronous motors inogona zvakare kukamurwa kuita magineti echigarire synchronous motors, kusada synchronous motors uye hysteresis motors. Asynchronous mota inogona kukamurwa kuita induction mota uye AC commutator mota.
3. Kurongeka zvichienderana nekutanga uye kumhanya modhi - mota zvinoenderana nekutanga uye kumhanya modhi inogona kukamurwa kuita capacitor-yakatanga single-phase asynchronous mota, capacitor-run single-phase asynchronous mota, capacitor-yakatanga kumhanya single-phase asynchronous mota uye split-phase single-phase asynchronous mota.
4. Kuronga maererano nekushandiswa - magetsi emagetsi anogona kugoverwa kuva motokari dzemotokari uye kutonga motokari maererano nekushandiswa. Mota yedhiraivha yakakamurwa kuita maturusi emagetsi (kusanganisira kuchera, kupukuta, kugaya, kutsveta, kucheka, kudzorera uye mamwe maturusi) ine mota dzemagetsi, midziyo yemumba (inosanganisira washing machine, mafeni emagetsi, mafiriji, air conditioner, tepi rekodha, VCRs, vhidhiyo rekodha, DVD player, hoovers, kamera, magetsi nezvimwe zvinogezera bvudzi, nezvimwe. general-chinangwa muchina madiki nemidziyo (kusanganisira akasiyana maturusi emuchina madiki, michina midiki, michina yekurapa, zviridzwa zvemagetsi, nezvimwewo). Kudzora mota dzakakamurwa kuita stepper mota uye servo mota.
5. Kurongeka maererano nekugadzirwa kwe rotor - motokari maererano nekugadzirwa kwe rotor inogona kugoverwa kuva cage induction motor (iyo yekare inonzi squirrel cage asynchronous motor) uye wire-ronda rotor induction motor (iyo yekare inonzi wire-wound asynchronous motor).
6. Kurongwa maererano nekumhanya kwekushanda - motokari maererano nekumhanya kwekushanda inogona kugoverwa kuva ma-high-speed motors, low-speed motors, inogara-speed motors, speed motors.
Parizvino, mota zhinji mumotokari muviri application dzinoshandisa brushed DC motors, inova yechinyakare mhinduro. Aya mamotor ari nyore kutyaira uye asingadhure nekuda kweiyo commutation basa rinopihwa nemabhurashi. Mune mamwe maapplication, brushless DC (BLDC) mota dzinopa mabhenefiti akakosha maererano nekuwanda kwesimba, izvo zvinoderedza huremu uye zvinopa zvirinani hupfumi hwemafuta uye kuderera kwehutsi, uye vagadziri vari kusarudza kushandisa injini dzeBLDC muwipers wewindscreen, kudziya kwekabhini, kufefetedza uye mhepo yekufefetera (HVAC) inofuridza nemapombi. Mumashandisirwo aya, mota dzinoita dzinomhanya kwenguva yakareba kwete kushanda kwenguva pfupi senge mahwindo emagetsi kana zvigaro zvemagetsi, uko kureruka uye kudhura-kushanda kwemamota akabhurwa kunoramba kuchibatsira.
Magetsi emagetsi akakodzera mota dzemagetsi
Kuchinja kubva kumotokari dzinoshanda mafuta kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi chete kuchaona shanduko kuenda kumainjini anotyairwa pamwoyo wemota.
Iyo mota drive system ndiyo moyo wemotokari yemagetsi, iyo ine mota, inoshandura simba, akasiyana ekuona ma sensors uye magetsi ekupa. Motokari dzakakodzera mota dzemagetsi dzinosanganisira: DC mota, brushless DC mota, asynchronous motors, zvechigarire magineti synchronous motors, uye switched kusada mota.
DC mota imota inoshandura DC magetsi kuita simba remagetsi, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukukweva simba remagetsi nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanaka kwemitemo yekumhanya. Iyo zvakare ine hunhu hwehombe yekutanga torque uye yakapusa kudzora, saka, chero muchina unotanga pasi pemutoro unorema kana unoda yunifomu yekumhanyisa mutemo, senge mahombe anodzoreka anotenderedza, mahwindi, emagetsi locomotives, tram uye zvichingodaro, akakodzera kushandiswa kweDC motors.
Brushless DC mota yakanyatso kuenderana nekutakura hunhu hwemotokari dzemagetsi, ine yakaderera-kumhanya yakakura torque maitiro, inogona kupa hombe yekutanga torque kuti isangane nekumhanyisa zvinodiwa nemotokari dzemagetsi, panguva imwe chete, inogona kumhanya yakaderera, yepakati uye yakakwira yakakura kumhanya siyana, zvakare ine hunyanzvi hwekuita hunhu, mumamiriro akaremerwa nemwenje, ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti mota pachayo yakaoma kupfuura iyo AC mota uye controller yakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura brushed DC mota.
Asynchronous motor, kureva induction motor, mudziyo umo rotor inoiswa mune inotenderera magineti, uye pasi pechiito cheiyo inotenderera magnetic field, torque inotenderera inowanikwa, uye nokudaro rotor inotenderera. Asynchronous mota chimiro chiri nyore, chiri nyore kugadzira uye kuchengetedza, ine padyo neanogara achimhanyisa hunhu, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zveakawanda maindasitiri uye ekurima ekugadzira michina yekudhonza. Nekudaro, kumhanya kweiyo asynchronous mota uye kutenderera kwayo magineti synchronous kumhanya ine yakatemwa mwero wekutenderera, uye nekudaro iyo yekumhanyisa mutemo haina kunaka, kwete sehupfumi senge DC mota, inochinjika. Uye zvakare, mune yakakwirira-simba, yakaderera-kumhanya maapplication, asynchronous motors haana kunzwisisika semasynchronous motors.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor is a synchronous motor inogadzira synchronous inotenderera magineti nekusimudzwa kwemagineti echigarire, anoita serotor kugadzira inotenderera yemagineti, uye matatu-chikamu stator windings inobata kuburikidza ne armature pasi pechiito cheiyo inotenderera magineti, ichipinza matatu-chikamu symmetrical currents. Iyo inogara magineti mota idiki muhukuru, yakareruka muhuremu, ine diki inotenderera inertia uye yakakwirira simba density, iyo inokodzera mota dzemagetsi dzine nzvimbo shoma. Pamusoro pezvo, ine yakakura torque-to-inertia reshiyo, yakasimba yekuremedza simba, uye yakakura yekuburitsa torque kunyanya pakuderera kutenderera kumhanya, iyo inokodzera kutanga-up kukurumidza kwemotokari yekombuta. Naizvozvo, magineti echigarire motors ave achiwanzo zivikanwa nevedzimba nekunze emagetsi mota masesheni uye akashandiswa muhuwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, mota zhinji dzemagetsi muJapan dzinofambiswa nemagineti anogara aripo, ayo anoshandiswa muToyota Prius hybrid.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-31-2024